Writing Modern Worlds By Samuel Beckett Essay - 1114 Words

WRITING MODERN WORLDS by Student’s Name Course’s Name Professor’s Name University’s Name City, State Date of submission Writing Modern Worlds Introduction This is an absurd play written in 1953 by Samuel Beckett. It features two main characters Vladimir and Estragon who wait tirelessly for Godot. These two seem not to undergo any transformation throughout the scenes. In the same play, Pozzo, a master and Lucky, his slave becomes blind and dumb respectively in Act II. The character Godot, a mute character, is the reason Vladimir and Estragon wait patiently at the roadside after his messenger, a boy delivered the message of his coming. The author utilizes the same setting throughout the play which a secluded road with only one tree. Unlike other plays which have a progressive story line and climax at the end, Waiting for Godot has only two Acts and it ends in almost the same state in which the main characters were in Act I. The play employs the style of repetition in various occasions. An author replicates the setting of the play all through and the characters tend to use the same wordings. In any creative writing, repetition is used to create attention, rhythm or to emphasis on a specific theme (William Kolbrener, (2010). Impact of repetition in Waiting for Godot Waiting for Godot play has to scenes. Both scenes take place in the same setting, which is by the roadsideShow MoreRelatedIntertextualism In Waiting For Godot710 Words   |  3 PagesAlthough Samuel Beckett is known for his modernist works, the play â€Å"Waiting for Godot† is post-modern because of its absurdity. â€Å"Waiting for Godot,† displays many characteristics of postmodern literature such as irony, playfulness, and black humor, intertextuality, and lack of progress and plot throughout the play. The play is also a leading play in the theatre of absurd which was an outcome in the theatre world from postmodernity. In postmodern writings, it is prevalent for writers to use ironyRead More Codependency in Samuel Becketts Endgame Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesCodependency in Samuel Becketts Endgame Clov asks, What is there to keep us here? Hamm answers, The dialogue. In the play Endgame, Samuel Beckett demonstrates dramatically the idea of codependency between the two focal characters who rely on each other to fulfill their own physical and psychological needs. Beckett accomplishes this through Hamm, who assumes the identity of a kingly figure, and his relationship with Clov, who acts as his subject. In Endgame, this idea is establishedRead More Theatre of the Absurd Essay examples1154 Words   |  5 Pagesresult of the Second World War. It was also a result of absurd plays having a highly unusual, innovative form, aiming to startle the viewers. In the Second World War, in the meaningless and godless post Second World War world, it was no longer possible to keep using traditional art forms and standards that had ceased being convincing. It openly rebelled against conventional theatre. It was very anti-theatre, coming across as surreal, senseless and plotless. Samuel Beckett and Harold PinterRead MoreWaiting For Godot : A Postmodern Literature891 Words   |  4 PagesPaper 1 Although Samuel Beckett is known in the literature world for his modernist works, I believe the play Waiting for Godot has much more postmodern themes. Waiting for Godot displays many characteristics of postmodern literature such as irony, playfulness, and black humor, intertextuality, and the theme of nothingness and lack of progress and plot throughout the play. The play is also a leading play in the â€Å"Theatre of Absurd,† which was an outcome in the theatre world from postmodern literatureRead MoreSamuel Beckett: Sound and Silence Essay2214 Words   |  9 PagesSamuel Beckett: Sound and Silence Patrick Richert FHSU February 15, 2013 Samuel Beckett was a world renown author of poetry, novels, and theatrical plays. He was born in Ireland and spent much of his adult life in Paris. His works were primarily written in French, and then translated, many times by the author himself, into English. He is known for creating works of dark comedy, and absurdism, and later in his career a minimalist. Due to his late start as an author, he is considered oneRead More Brendan Behan’s The Quare Fellow and Samuel Beckett Essay1845 Words   |  8 PagesBrendan Behan’s The Quare Fellow and Samuel Beckett Existential works are difficult to describe because the definition of existentialism covers a wide range of ideas and influences almost to the point of ambiguity. An easy, if not basic, approach to existentialism is to view it as a culmination of attitudes from the oppressed people of industrialization, writers and philosophers during the modern literary period, and people who were personally involved as civilians, soldiers, or rebels duringRead More Comparing the Absurd in The Metamorphosis and Endgame Essay1232 Words   |  5 PagesTerms defines the Absurd as â€Å"A phrase referring to twentieth-century works that depict the absurdity of the modern human condition, often with implicit reference to humanity’s loss or lack of religious, philosophical, or cultural roots. Such works depict the individual as essentially isolated and alone, even when surrounded by other people and things.† (Murfin 2) Franz Kafka and Samuel Beckett were two of the more influential writers in this movement, as both The Metamorphosis and Endgame contain examplesRead MoreThematic Analysis Of The Novel Mrs. Dalloway And The Cannibalist Manifesto `` By Oswald De Andrade1471 Words   |  6 Pages19th and early 20th centuries. It has its roots mainly in North America and Europe. It is characterized by various authors from various genres of literature with a self-conscious break with the conventional way of writing in prose, plays, and poetry. The major modernist works of Samuel Beckett’s, â€Å"Waiting for Godot,† poem by T. S. Eliot â€Å"The Waste Land,† the novel â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway† by Virginia Woolf and â€Å"The Cannibalist Manifesto† by Oswald de Andrade, could present various themes that characterizeRead MoreViolation Of The Maxims Of Cooperative Principle7912 Words   |  32 Pages Chapter –I For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English (Ph. D.) Research Topic Violation of the Maxims of Cooperative Principle in Samuel Beckett’s Selected Plays. Research Student Mr. Mundhe Ganesh Balavantrao Research Guide Dr. B. A. Jarange Place of Research Institute of Advanced Studies in English, Pune CONTENTS 1) Introduction 2) Rationale of the Study 3) Hypothesis 4) Review of the Research Work 5) Aims and Objectives of the Research Project 6) Data, Methodology and TechniquesRead More Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot - God Isnt Coming Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesWaiting for Godot - God Isnt Coming  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Waiting for Godot, Samuel Becketts existential masterpiece, for some odd reason has captured the minds of millions of readers, artists, and critics worldwide, joining them all in an attempt to interpret the play. Beckett has told them not to read anything into his work, yet he does not stop them. Perhaps he recognizes the human quality of bringing personal experiences and such to the piece of art, and interpreting it through such colored lenses.

Stewart An Occupational Name for a Steward or Manager

Stewart is an occupational name for a steward or manager of a household or estate, or one who had charge of a kings or important nobles household. The surname is from the Middle English stiward, meaning steward. Stewart is the 54th most popular surname in the United States and the 7th most common surname in Scotland with origins in  Scottish  and  English. Common misspellings and alternate names include Stuart and Steward. Famous People Jon Stewart: The American comedian, producer, director, and writer who previously hosted the television show The Daily Show, a popular satirical news program on Comedy Central.Martha Stewart: An entrepreneur and bestselling author famous for her DIY crafts, home decor tips, and inspirational recipes.Rod Stewart:  A British rock singer and songwriter who has sold over 100 million records.Kristen Stewart:  Famous for acting as Bella in the movie series Twilight, Kristen is an American actress and model who began acting in 1999. Genealogy Resources 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census?Stewart Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Stewart surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Stewart query.FamilySearch - STEWART  GenealogyAccess over 6  million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Stewart  surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.Stewart Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Stewart  surname. In addition to joining a list, you can also browse or search the archives to explore over a decade of postings for the Stewart surname.DistantCousin.com - STEWART Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last n ame Stewart.GeneaNet - Stewart  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Stewart  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries.The Stewart  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the English surname Stewart  from the website of Genealogy Today. References: Surname Meanings and Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Bergenfield, NJ: Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia.  Bergenfield, NJ:  Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks,  Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.Hoffman, William F. Polish Surnames: Origins and Meanings.  Chicago:  Polish Genealogical Society, 1993.Rymut, Kazimierz. Nazwiska Polakow.  Wroclaw: Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolinskich - Wydawnictwo, 1991.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Culture of Malaysia - 3713 Words

1.0 INTRODUCTION Malaysia is a one of the multi cultural country. Cultures have been meeting and mixing in Malaysia since the very beginning of its history. More than fifteen hundred years ago a Malay kingdom in Bujang Valley welcomed traders from China and India. Malaysias cultural mosaic is marked by many different cultures, but several in particular have had especially lasting influence on the country. Chief among these is the ancient Malay culture, and the cultures of Malaysias two most prominent trading partners throughout history--the Chinese, and the Indians. These three groups are joined by a dizzying array of indigenous tribes, many of which live in the forests and coastal areas of Borneo. Although each of these cultures has†¦show more content†¦In schools or collages, especially boarding schools, the phenomenon known as ragging is an accepted ritual of the orientation process. Where, the senior students will rag the junior or new entry students. This ritual is continues and make t he high and low power among the students no matter whether they Malay, Chinese or Indians. The seniors always hold the high power and the juniors is always becomes low power. In the workplace, employees are discouraged from questioning or critiquing senior-level colleagues. Here the senior-level employees will have the high power to do some decision, without consulting with the junior-level employees. The gap between the senior-level and junior-level makes the employees to hold the higher authority and no authority powers. Because of three different cultural in Malaysia, power distance in family will be vary by their own culture. For the Malay, the parents allow their children to take decision after a time of age, normally when they started to work. For the Chinese, they will give more freedom to their children’s to make decision. For the Indians, the parents always hope their children’s will listen to them and will follow the parent’s decision. Normally this will fall into studies, job selection and marriage. Parents in Malaysia usually will chose the study field for their children’s rather than ask their children’s interest. For the job decision, most of the parentsShow MoreRelatedThe Ethnic Groups in Malaysia and Its Culture1959 Words   |  8 PagesThe Ethnic Relation and Culture in Malaysia. By just looking at the title above, you know what I am going to talk about. Yes, you are right, the culture of our magnificent country. Our country is actually envied by many foreigners. Why? Well, one of the main reasons is because of how we Malaysians can live in harmony for many years, even though we consist of many different races and ethnic groups. The culture of our country started out with the unique combination and amount of ethnic groupsRead MoreCreating and Strengthening Organizational Culture: the Experience of Digi Malaysia3013 Words   |  13 PagesCreating and Strengthening organizational culture: The experience of Digi Malaysia TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction Discussion Power Distance Individualism versus collectivism Masculinity versus feminity Uncertainty Avoidance Conclusion Citation INTRODUCTION Culture is a global phenomenon that derived from social, economic, legal, political and religious norms, values and traditions of the society. Culture shapes the behavior of individuals to act accordingly in different situationsRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Leadership Of The Private Sector Within Malaysia8584 Words   |  35 PagesGeneral Overview of the Problem Leaders and organizational culture are synonymous and hold great intrinsic value in every organization that tend to be dependent rather than mutually exclusive. In the current global climate, firms are in dire advocacy of the two factors above especially in the private sector within Malaysia. Previous literature elucidates a descriptive approach into the correlation of leadership and organizational culture however the absence of substantial literature in this regionRead MoreThe Impact of Information Communication Technology on Malaysia Communication Culture in the Era of Globalization7293 Words   |  30 PagesTECHNOLOGY ON MALAYSIA COMMUNICATION CULTURE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION Saiful Nujaimi Abdul Rahman, M.Sc. Department of Communication, Faculty of Modern Languages Communication, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Abdul Rashid Md. Ali, PhD Department of Communication, Faculty of Modern Languages Communication, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Siti Zobidah Omar, PhD Department of Communication, Faculty of Modern Languages Communication, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia This is an uneditedRead MoreKey Characteristics That Make Up A Culture1222 Words   |  5 Pages Malaysia is divided into two parts, Peninsular and East Malaysia. The first is situated in the southern part of the Malay Peninsula, sharing borders with Thailand and Singapore. East Malaysia occupies a part of the island Borneo and shares borders with Indonesia and Brunei. Malaysia is a country that is multicultural and diverse. Cultural Awareness â€Å"is the foundation of communication and it involves the ability of standing back from ourselves and becoming aware of our cultural values, beliefsRead MoreCrime : Safety And Security1749 Words   |  7 Pagesdesignated as Medium for Malaysia; however, the rate is believed to be higher in Kuala Lumpur (KL). Petty crime against expatriates is fairly common while violent crime remains relatively uncommon. Most criminal activity directed against foreigners is limited to non-violent crimes of opportunity such as petty theft, purse snatching, pickpocket, and credit card fraud. Purse snatching is the most frequently reported crime against expatriates, as reported by the Royal Malaysia Police in a recent crimeRead MoreBillabong : A Group Global Code Of Conduct1381 Words   |  6 Pagesbrand in contests, which has led to the company’s success in Australia and globally. Company Culture Group Global Code of Conduct Billabong has a Group Global Code of Conduct that combines together the company’s policies and practices so that all employees are all equally understanding of what the company stands for. This report is also available in eight different languages, making it accessible for many cultures. It outlines Billabong’s values, which is stated being â€Å"integrity, honesty, trust, teamworkRead MoreCultural Difference in Malaysia1448 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are cultural differences between Malaysia and other countries? In general culture can define as a way of life and process of development of the personality, spirit, mind, and the human effort in a community or cluster. Culture can be understood as the creation of human community in various forms, whether tangible or intangible. Culture it’s very important because it show the difference between societies to another society. The cultural features are obtained through a learning processRead MoreShould Television Programs Be Banned?1743 Words   |  7 PagesTV programs broadcasted in Malaysia are mainly imported from the USA and other Western countries, and the values are different from the values in Malaysian communities. The government argued that the media had negative influences on the education, attitude, and morality amongst Malaysian youth. With TV programs such as Baywatch, Friends, and several reality shows being popular amongst the youth, a lack of Malaysian values are being expressed. Malaysian TV stations even adopte d some of the conceptsRead MorePalm oil stalemate: who is responsible? Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesPalm oil stalemate: who is responsible? Summary ïÆ' ¼ Palm oil is a plant with various uses in human life (such as: tooth paste, Moisturizer and biodiesel). ïÆ' ¼ Malaysia is one of the largest producers and exporters of palm oil. ïÆ' ¼ Gajah Berang Oil Palm Estate is one of the largest multinational palm oil conglomerates whose managers offer a balance between efficiency and employee satisfaction. ïÆ' ¼ The company has multicultural employee since its workers from Sri Lanka, Indonesia, India and Bangladesh

Jamcracker Free Essays

What are the critical challenges for the business model to be sustainable? Before the business model of Jamcracker could be established, it had to tackle a series of critical challenges. Foremost amongst them was the issue of timing, the risk Jamcracker might be delivering a new model of service before the world was ready for it. The model proposed was entirely a new market mechanism for distributing IT Services and In order to succeed, the emerging markets warranted sufficient Infrastructure, economically viable Industry relationships and strong growth prospects which were all the more strained and complicated after the dot. We will write a custom essay sample on Jamcracker or any similar topic only for you Order Now com crash. Apart from timing issues the model faced severe technical roadblocks as well such as lack of established standards in the relatively young in ASP industry which led to integration issues with Jamcracker platform. Apart from the above mention entry level problems, issues such as need for rofessional services and customer service were the dominant concerns which called for attention before the business model could be sustained. As the industry developed more and more people were getting involved. This called for services such as initial system configuration and integration which would be followed up by customer concerns regarding service level quality, privacy and security. Thus these were the critical challenges faced by the business model before It could be sustained 2. How does Jamcracker fit in the ASP (SaaS) space? Jamcracker analogous to Its name, tried to avoid IT log jams using web-based technology, for its clients and empower them to smoothly move towards their business objectives. Its business model was based on the widely anticipated growth of Application Service Providers, more popularly known as ASPS. ASPs provide various benefits to an organization such as speedy implementation of IT infrastructure, cost reduction, IT skilled workforce, 24Ãâ€"7 support etc. But given that these ASPs solved small IT problems for clients, Chandra along with Chen and Terbeek envisioned a nique space for Jamcracker In the ASP space. Although, Its model was based on ASP but Jamcracker was not an ASP Itself. It cooperated with ASP partners to combine application services through its enterprise I platTorm, JamcracKer Enterprlse, Into comprenenslve oTTerlngs. 3. How would you explain the business model of Jamcracker? As said above Jamcracker assumed the role of an ASP cafeteria wherein it partnered various specialized ASPs and using its enterprise IT platform, Jamcracker Enterprise rovided comprehensive solutions to the IT problems of its clients. In simple terms, it aggregated the benefits of various ASPs and provided as one solution to the client. Since, Jamcracker presented these solutions to firms as â€Å"IT Department in a box†, the client had to Just maintain a single contractual relationship with Jamcracker rather than numerous relationships with specialized ASPS. So, a single interface with Jamcracker platform would suffice. Jamcracker’s clients paid a per-user per-month fee for accessing Jamcracker’s service nfrastructure and an additional per-user per-month fee for each application service that they chose to use. Also, a modest set up fee would be charged initially. Jamcracker did not have to make large capital investments in developing and operating applications as it used the application services of its ASP partners. Although costs involved in engineering, service, sales and delivery were higher but economies were favorable. Also, adequate volumes allowed for generous margins as the incremental cost in serving a client was way less than doing the same for a new client.. How to cite Jamcracker, Papers

Biography Of Father Serra free essay sample

An expedition brought Father Sera to San Diego Bay to build his first Mission. His second Mission was in Monterey Bay. It was called Mission Carmela. He built seven more mission and took the Indians In. In 1784 Father Sera was old, tired, and sick. He had a difficult time breathing and his leg was diseased and painful. He went to Mission Carmela which was his favorite and wrote letters to the Padres at the 9 Missions. He died on August 28, 1784 at 70 years old. Building a Mission Adobe was used to make buildings. A hole was dug in the ground by adobe. Adobe is a stiff dirt mixture. Soil is what its made out of. Plaster is important to the Mission. Lime plaster IS made from sea shells and stone. Lime shells where headed in kiln. There were fire proof roofs. The floor tiles were called ladinos. They were made Of a stiffer mixture and cooked in kiln. We will write a custom essay sample on Biography Of Father Serra or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Livestock Livestock is really important to the Mission. Father Sera and Captain Portola brought with them the livestock during an expedition to California in 1769. The first 5 missions were given 18 cattle, 4 pigs, and some chickens.Cattle was the most important animal at the mission. They had long curved horns and sloping hinds which gave good meat. Cattle was killed a lot for meat, tallow, and hides. The cattle also gave them milk, cheese, and butter. Other animals were really important to the mission. Sheep were used to make wool and meat. Hogs made lard. They used hog and lard for cooking and soap. They ate sausage and ham. They used horses for traveling and riding. Oxen worked hard in fields. They also had chickens that made eggs and meat. The herds increased and the Indians became cowboys.They moved the animals to a rancho miles away. They branded the animals at the rancho. There was good space and water. That was the beginning of Californians livestock industry. Crops Vegetable gardens were in every Mission. They prepared the land the same way. Women, men, and children weeded the garden and hoed the garden. Girls and boys waved sticks and threw stones. Insects and animals build fences. An Indians Life at the Mission The church bells rang then I had to wake up and go say prayers. The second bell rang that called use to breakfast. They had hot corn mush. The third bell rang and called us to our daily jobs. Women stayed inside. They did weaving, sewing, and cooking. The men were outside plowing, planting, and weeding. They ate atoll and add vegetables and chunks of meat. They wrapped it in tortilla. After lunch they would have a siesta and then they would nap. Next they would find a shady place to eat. Grape vines under the tree and after they would go to bed. They would go back to work and a young guy would bring them some cool water. The meals are the same as breakfast.The last ell rings, time to pray. After praying, talking, games, and singing they would sleep again. Mission Santa Barbara Report Mission Santa Barbara was founded by Vermin Lasses on December 4th 1786, the feast day of Santa Barbara, as the 10th mission. This mission is between the Pacific Ocean and the Santa Yens Mountains. Santa Barbara is the only mission to be under the leadership of the Franciscan Friars since the beginning. Mission Santa Barbara was known to have 2 bell towers. They are now the same as the mission bells. It turned into 8 bells in 1833.Which has 8 Mission Bell towers. Operated by Franciscans. It was built with mainly adobe and some bricks. It was covered with plaster/white wash. Mission Santa Barbara is named after Saint Barbara, she was a Christian mater who was beheaded by her dad for following her faith. The inside of Mission Santa Barbara still looks like it did in the sasss. The Mission is not only active in the church, it is also a historical attraction. Mission Santa Barbara was built by Spanish Franciscans to try to get the Chums Indians to become Catholics.

Battle of Port Hudson - Civil War Battle of Port Hudson

Battle of Port Hudson - Civil War Battle of Port Hudson The Battle of Port Hudson lasted from May 22 to July 9, 1863, during the American Civil War (1861-1865) and saw Union troops final take control of the entirety of the Mississippi River. Having captured New Orleans and Memphis in early 1862, Union forces sought to open the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in two. In an effort to prevent this from occurring, Confederate troops fortified key locations at Vicksburg, MS and Port Hudson, LA. The capture of Vicksburg was tasked to Major General Ulysses S. Grant. Having already won victories at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, and Shiloh, he began operations against Vicksburg in late 1862. A New Commander As Grant commenced his campaign against Vicksburg, the capture of Port Hudson was assigned to Major General Nathaniel Banks. The commander of the Department of the Gulf, Banks had taken command at New Orleans in December 1862 when he relieved Major General Benjamin Butler. Advancing in May 1863 in support of Grants effort, his principal command was the large Union XIX Corps. This was comprised of four divisions led by Brigadier General Cuvier Grover, Brigadier General W. H. Emory, Major General C. C. Augur, and Brigadier General Thomas W. Sherman. Port Hudson Prepares The idea for fortifying Port Hudson came from General P.G.T. Beauregard in early 1862. Assessing defenses along the Mississippi, he felt that the towns commanding heights which overlooked a hairpin turn in the river provided the ideal location for batteries. Additionally, the broken terrain outside of Port Hudson, which contained ravines, swamps, and woods, helped make the town extremely defensible. Design of Port Hudsons defenses was overseen by  Captain James Nocquet who served on the staff of Major General John C. Breckinridge. Construction was initially directed by Brigadier General Daniel Ruggles and continued by Brigadier General William Nelson Rector Beall. Work pressed on through the year though delays ensued as Port Hudson had no rail access. On December 27, Major General Franklin Gardner arrived to take command of the garrison. He quickly worked to enhance the fortifications and constructed roads to facilitate troop movement. Gardners efforts first paid dividends in March 1863 when the majority of Rear Admiral David G. Farraguts squadron was prevented from passing Port Hudson. In the fighting, USS Mississippi (10 guns) was lost.   Armies Commanders Union Major General Nathaniel Banks30,000 to 40,000 men Confederate Major General Franklin Gardneraround 7,500 men Initial Moves In approaching Port Hudson, Banks dispatched three divisions west with the goal of descending the Red River and cutting off the garrison from the north. To support this effort, two additional divisions would approach from the south and east. Landing at Bayou Sara on May 21, Augur advanced toward the junction of the Plains Store and Bayou Sara Roads. Encountering Confederate forces under Colonels Frank W. Powers and William R. Miles, Augur and Union cavalry led by Brigadier General Benjamin Grierson engaged. In the resulting Battle of Plains Store, Union troops succeeded in driving the enemy back to Port Hudson. Banks Attacks Landing on May 22, Banks and other elements from his command quickly advanced against Port Hudson and effectively had surrounded the town by that evening. Opposing Banks Army of the Gulf were around 7,500 men led by Major General Franklin Gardner. These were deployed in the extensive set of fortifications that ran for four and half miles around Port Hudson. On the night of May 26, Banks held a council of war to discuss an attack for the following day. Moving forward the next day, Union forces advanced over difficult terrain towards the Confederate lines. Beginning around dawn, Union guns opened on Gardners lines with additional fire coming from US Navy warships in the river. Through the day, Banks men conducted a series of uncoordinated assaults against the Confederate perimeter. These failed and his command sustained heavy losses. The fighting on May 27 saw the first combat for several African-American regiments in Banks army. Among those killed was Captain Andre Cailloux, a freed slave, who was serving with the 1st Louisiana Native Guards. Fighting continued until nightfall when efforts were made to retrieve the wounded. A Second Attempt The Confederate guns briefly opened fire the next morning until Banks raised a flag of truce and asked permission to remove his wounded from the field. This was granted and fighting resumed around 7:00 PM. Convinced that Port Hudson could only be taken by siege, Banks began constructing works around the Confederate lines. Digging through the first two weeks of June, his men slowly pushed their lines closer to the enemy tightening the ring around the city. Emplacing heavy guns, Union forces began a systematic bombardment of Gardners position. Seeking to end the siege, Banks began planning for another assault. On June 13, the Union guns opened with a heavy bombardment which was supported by Farraguts ships in the river. The next day, after Gardner refused a demand to surrender, Banks ordered his men forward. The Union plan called for troops under Grover to attack on the right, while Brigadier General William Dwight assaulted on the left. In both cases, the Union advance was repulsed with heavy losses. Two days later, Banks called for volunteers for a third assault, but was unable to obtain sufficient numbers. The Siege Continues After June 16, fighting around Port Hudson quieted as both sides worked to improve their lines and informal truces occurred between the opposing enlisted men. As time passed, Gardners supply situation became increasingly desperate. Union forces continued to slowly move their lines forward and sharpshooters fired on the unwary. In an effort to break the deadlock, Dwights engineering officer, Captain Joseph Bailey, oversaw the construction of a mine under a hill known as the Citadel. Another was begun on Grovers front extending under Priest Cap. The latter mine was completed on July 7 and it was filled with 1,200 pounds of black powder. With construction of the mines finished, it was Banks intention to detonate them on July 9. With the Confederate lines in a shambles, his men were to make another assault. This proved unnecessary as news reached his headquarters on July 7 that Vicksburg had surrendered three days earlier. With this change in the strategic situation, as well as with his supplies nearly exhausted and no hope of relief, Gardner dispatched a delegation to discuss Port Hudsons surrender the next day. An agreement was reached that afternoon and the garrison formally surrendered on July 9. Aftermath During the Siege of Port Hudson, Banks suffered around 5,000 killed and wounded while Gardners command incurred 7,208 (approx. 6,500 captured). The victory at Port Hudson opened the entire length of the Mississippi River to Union traffic and severed the western states of the Confederacy. With the capture of the Mississippi complete, Grant turned his focus east later that year to deal with the fallout from the defeat at Chickamauga. Arriving at Chattanooga, he succeeded in driving off Confederate forces that November at the Battle of Chattanooga.

Energy Definition and Examples

Energy Definition and Examples Energy is defined as the capacity of a physical system to perform work. However, its important to keep in mind that just because energy exists, that doesnt mean  its necessarily available to do work. Forms of Energy Energy exists in several forms such as heat, kinetic or mechanical energy, light, potential energy, and electrical energy. Heat s are energy released by fission and fusion. Other forms of energy may include geothermal energy and classification of energy as renewable or nonrenewable. There may be overlap between forms of energy and an object invariably possesses more than one type at a time. For example, a swinging pendulum has both kinetic and potential energy, thermal energy, and (depending on its composition) may have electrical and magnetic energy. Law of Conservation of Energy According to the law of conservation of energy, the total energy of a system remains constant, though energy may transform into another form. Two billiard balls colliding, for example, may come to rest, with the resulting energy becoming sound and perhaps a bit of heat at the point of collision. When the balls are in motion, they have kinetic energy. Whether they are in motion or stationary, they also have potential energy because they are on a table above the ground. Energy cannot be created, nor destroyed, but it can change forms and is also related to mass. The mass-energy equivalence theory states an object at rest in a frame of reference has a rest energy. If additional energy is supplied to the object, it actually increases that objects mass. For example, if you heat a steel bearing (adding thermal energy), you very slightly increase its mass. Units of Energy The SI unit of energy is the joule (J) or newton-meter (N * m). The joule is also the SI unit of work.